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HOW TO BECOME A CPA IF YOU’RE NOT AN ACCOUNTING MAJOR

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HOW TO BECOME A CPA IF YOU'RE NOT AN ACCOUNTING MAJOR

To err is human. We all make wrong decisions multiple times in our lives. But to make an incorrect career choice may seem like too much to handle at first. Imagine you thought arts was your calling, but you realize it is not your thing once you get into an art school. You now know you are a perfect fit for a career in science and find yourself in a dilemma. Situations like these happen and are pretty standard. Many people choose to switch careers and end up facing their newfound passion.

Likewise, if you now wish to join the CPA qualification, but do not have an accounting major, do not fuss. Becoming a Certified Public Accountant has predefined requirements that one needs to follow to qualify. However, being an accounting major is not one of them. If you have majored in a non-accounting subject and want to pursue becoming a CPA, let us tell you, it is doable. To become a qualified CPA, you need to fulfill requirements under three categories: Education, Exams, and Experience. Here we guide you in detail on how you can become a CPA if you have majored in a non-accounting subject:

  • Fulfill The Minimum Education Prerequisite:

First up, you need to fulfill the minimum education requirement to sit the CPA exams. Before you get into anything else, you need to know that CPA is governed individually by each state. It means that every state has its own rules and regulations for issuing certificates. Each state sets its prerequisites for allowing students to sit the CPA exams.

The majority of the states require that individuals have a bachelor’s in accounting to attempt the CPA exams. Unless you have plans of enrolling into some program that offers an online masters in accounting for non accounting majors, you will have to find a way to fulfill this step.

A few states do not have this minimum degree requirement, which means good news for you! Since you are a non-accounting major, you will have to attempt your exams in one of these states. Only Georgia, Massachusetts, Alaska, Hawaii, and Maine are the five states that do not require an accounting degree. Now, let us talk about what each state has to offer to you.

  • Georgia’s state board of accountancy requires you to have at least 20 credit hours of accounting classes up your sleeve. But it does not end here; out of these 20 hours, 18 have to be through high-level courses. These include the intermediate and advanced level accounting courses taught in the third and fourth years of college. And this means remedial techniques such as accounting 101 do not qualify.
  • Now let us see what the state board of Massachusetts They ask for 21 credit hours in accounting, but they are not much concerned about the level of these courses. They are more interested in the subjects you have taken. Thus, the audit must fulfill the 21 credit hours, financial accounting, taxation, and management accounting courses.
  • The state board of Alaska has a mix of requirements depending on the level of education of the candidates. So, for individuals with an accounting major, Alaska asks for 15 credit hours. For students with an accounting concentration, Alaska requires 21 accounting credit hours. For individuals having a non-accounting major and credit hours that fall below 15, this state board requires one year of experience in public accounting.
  • On the other hand, the state board of Maine requires students to exhibit 15 accounting credit hours to sit for CPA. However, while this may seem easy, Maine has some stringent experience prerequisites. This state requires individuals to provide two years of experience in public accounting with 4,000 hours doing audit compilation under the supervision of a qualified CPA.
  • Last but not least, Hawaii’s state board of accountancy asks for 18 hours of accounting classes with some minimal experience requirements.
  • Complete The Required 150-Hours For CPA Certification:

The next step towards becoming a CPA is to acquire 150 credit hours of general higher education. A bachelor’s degree means 120 credit hours. So, if you are already a bachelor’s, all you need to worry about are the extra 30 credit hours you need to gain to qualify. These hours can be in any discipline and do not necessarily have to be from a degree course.

  • Meet The Experience Requisites:

Since you are a non-accounting major, you most probably are not working in the accountancy profession. And this means you will have to meet a particular accountancy experience requirement as required by the state from where you are certifying.

Now, each state has different experience prerequisites. You will have to get into the details before furthering your CPA journey. Some states offer straightforward routes to gaining experience, while others may not be that simple. Generally, most states will allow expertise in accounting in the corporate and government sector, public accounting, and some even accept experience in academia.

Conclusion:

Becoming a CPA without an accounting major is not impossible. It may seem like it; however, it is pretty much attainable. All you need to do is study the prerequisites in detail before hopping on the CPA journey. Know what the qualification will demand from you and whether you are in a position to fulfill that or not. We have outlined the process above in a very straightforward manner. We hope this will help you get a glimpse of the qualification demands and make a wise decision.

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Why Stability Matters: Navigating the Choice to Move Fostering Agencies

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Navigating the Choice to Move Fostering Agencies

The decision to become a foster carer is often driven by a profound desire to provide a stable, loving environment for children who have experienced significant upheaval. However, as the fostering landscape evolves, many carers find that their own needs for support and professional development are not being fully met by their current provider. This realisation often leads to a complex crossroads where carers must balance their loyalty to the children in their care with the necessity of finding a service that aligns more closely with their values and requirements.

The Catalyst for Change in Fostering Placements

For most individuals in the fostering community, the primary motivation for considering a move is the quality of support on offer. Fostering is an immensely rewarding path, yet it is also one that carries unique pressures. When a supervising social worker is overstretched or the out of hours support feels disconnected from the carer’s reality, the sense of isolation can become overwhelming.

Recent data suggests that the retention of foster carers is one of the most significant challenges facing the sector today. When carers feel undervalued or unsupported, the ripple effect reaches the children in their care. A transition is rarely a snap decision. It is usually the result of a long period of reflection regarding whether a different agency could offer better training, more competitive allowances, or a more therapeutic approach to care.

The Legal Framework and the Protocol for Movement

One of the most common misconceptions within the sector is that moving to a new agency is a legally fraught or impossible task. In reality, the Transfer of Foster Carers Protocol 2014, developed by The Fostering Network, provides a clear framework to ensure that transitions are handled professionally and, most importantly, with the child’s best interests at the centre of every discussion.

This protocol ensures that when a carer expresses an interest in moving, a collaborative process begins between the current agency, the local authority, and the potential new provider. This is designed to prevent any disruption to the child’s placement. The stability of the child is the paramount consideration, and any move is managed with a high degree of transparency to ensure that the transition is seamless.

Understanding the Process of Moving Providers

The physical act of moving requires a degree of administrative diligence. It typically begins with an informal conversation with a prospective new agency to gauge their culture and the specific support packages they provide. Once a carer decides to proceed, they must submit a formal notice of their intention to transfer to their current agency.

Following this, the new agency will undertake a new assessment, often referred to as a Form F assessment. While this might seem repetitive for experienced carers, it is a statutory requirement to ensure that all records are up to date and that the new agency fully understands the skills and history of the fostering household. During this time, meetings are held to discuss the financial arrangements and support plans for any children currently in placement.

Minimising Disruption for Children in Care

The most sensitive aspect of this journey is the impact on the children. It is a common fear among carers that moving agencies might result in a child being moved from their home. However, the Transfer of Foster Carers Protocol is specifically designed to protect these placements. In the vast majority of cases, the child remains exactly where they are while the behind the scenes administrative responsibility shifts from one organisation to another.

Maintaining a sense of normalcy for the child is vital. Professional agencies work hard to ensure that the child experiences no change in their day to day life. The only difference they might notice is a new face during supervision visits or access to different community events and support groups provided by the new agency.

Why Researching Your New Agency is Crucial

Not all fostering organisations are created equal. Some operate as large national entities, while others are smaller, independent agencies that pride themselves on a family feel and bespoke support. When looking at transferring between foster agencies, it is essential to look beyond the initial financial allowance.

Prospective transferrers should investigate the ratio of social workers to carers, the frequency of local support groups, and the specific therapeutic models the agency employs. According to the team at Match Foster Care, who are recognised for their child centred approach, a successful transfer is one where the carer feels empowered and re-energised to continue their vital work. Finding a provider that treats carers as professional partners rather than just a resource is often the turning point for many fostering families.

The Role of Professional Development and Support

A significant reason for seeking a new agency is the desire for better professional growth. Fostering is an evolving profession, and the needs of children are becoming increasingly complex. Carers often seek out agencies that offer advanced training in areas such as trauma informed care, attachment theory, and therapeutic parenting.

Furthermore, the quality of the peer network cannot be understated. Being part of a community where you can share experiences with other foster carers who understand the local context is invaluable. When an agency invests in its carers through comprehensive training and a robust support network, it directly translates to better outcomes for the children.

Final Reflections on Making the Move

Transitioning to a new fostering provider is a significant life event that requires careful thought and planning. It is a process rooted in the desire to provide the best possible care by ensuring that the carer themselves is adequately supported. By following the established protocols and choosing an agency that mirrors your own dedication to child welfare, the transition can be a positive step toward a more sustainable and fulfilling fostering career.

Read More: Luca Oriel

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Building trust in a rapidly evolving payments ecosystem

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Building trust in a rapidly evolving payments ecosystem

Digital payments have moved from convenience to critical infrastructure. For corporates, the priorities are clear: improve acceptance rates, keep fraud under control, satisfy rapidly changing regulation, and integrate new payment methods without disrupting core finance operations. With the growth of non-cash transactions and the rapid expansion of real-time payment networks, businesses are re-evaluating governance, controls, and reporting to ensure that speed does not compromise trust.

The payments landscape is scaling fast

Corporate treasurers face a wider mix of payment instruments than ever before, from cards and account-to-account transfers to instant rails and cross-border options. Non-cash transactions continue to climb globally, and the spread of instant payment schemes is reshaping expectations around settlement, liquidity, and exception handling. As volumes rise, so too does the complexity of reconciliation, chargeback management, and cost oversight—especially for businesses operating across multiple markets and acquirers.

Instant payments move from pilot to business-critical

Real-time payments have graduated from niche use cases to mainstream adoption in many regions. For corporates, instant rails can accelerate order-to-cash cycles, reduce dependence on card schemes for certain flows, and open new customer experiences such as just-in-time payouts or on-delivery collections. But operational readiness matters: liquidity buffers, 24/7 settlement processes, and robust alerting are essential to avoid bottlenecks when volumes spike outside traditional banking hours.

Checkout performance as a strategic lever

Small improvements in authorisation and conversion compound into significant revenue gains at scale. Optimising routing across gateways and acquirers, supporting preferred local methods, and using data-driven retry logic can materially raise acceptance rates. Equally important is cost transparency: finance teams increasingly model scheme fees, cross-border premiums, and fraud-management costs to select the right mix of rails per market and product.

Fraud, risk, and the trust equation

Remote purchase fraud remains a persistent threat in card-not-present channels. Strong customer authentication has reduced some attack vectors, but criminals continually adapt with social-engineering and mule-account tactics. Corporates need layered controls that combine risk-based authentication, device intelligence, velocity rules, and post-authorisation monitoring. Beyond the technology, incident playbooks and cross-functional drills ensure finance, customer support, legal, and IT respond in a coordinated way when cases surge.

Regulation is accelerating rather than slowing change

Payments regulation in the EU and UK continues to evolve with a focus on consumer protection, market integrity, and competition. For corporates, that means keeping product, legal, and treasury teams aligned on new obligations across authentication, data access, and liability. Preparing early for legislative updates cuts the risk of rushed changes that increase operational error or customer drop-off. It also creates opportunities to streamline disclosures and standardise consent across channels.

Data governance and reporting

As payment flows multiply, so do reporting requirements—from scheme rules and tax to statutory and regulatory disclosures. A single source of truth for payment data enables faster refunds and chargeback handling, supports audit readiness, and reduces the time spent reconciling across PSP dashboards and bank statements. Many corporates are moving toward a canonical payments data model that normalises fields across methods and providers, simplifying analytics and compliance attestation.

Practical steps corporates can take now

  • Rationalise providers and railswhere possible to reduce operational variability, while retaining redundancy for resilience.
  • Adopt risk-based authenticationtuned to channel and basket risk, with clear step-up paths to avoid unnecessary abandonment.
  • Measure end-to-end conversionfrom checkout start through settlement, not just gateway authorisation, to find hidden drop-off points.
  • Stress-test instant-payments operationsfor weekends and peaks, including liquidity coverage and reconciliation SLAs.
  • Consolidate payments datainto a governed model that supports audit trails, regulatory reporting, and faster dispute resolution.

Where specialist support helps

For many organisations, the challenge is not choosing a single payment method but orchestrating a reliable, compliant mix across markets. Independent digital payment compliance for corporates can help teams interpret regulatory change, benchmark operating models, validate control frameworks, and improve acceptance and reconciliation without adding unnecessary complexity.

Outlook

Digital payments will continue to expand in volume, speed, and variety. Corporates that treat payments as a strategic capability—supported by strong governance, precise data, and disciplined compliance—will convert more sales, resolve fewer disputes, and build lasting customer confidence. Those that move early will also be best placed to adopt new rails and methods as they mature, without compromising cost control or audit readiness.

Read More: jacqulyn elizabeth hanley

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Navigating the Essentials of Employment Contracts: What Every Employer Should Know

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Navigating the Essentials of Employment Contracts

Establishing clarity and fairness from the very beginning of an employment relationship is one of the most effective ways to build trust and avoid future disputes. A well-drafted contract of employment outlines the respective rights and responsibilities of both employer and employee, ensuring that expectations are transparent and legally sound. Despite this, many businesses—particularly small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) without in-house HR support—continue to overlook the importance of issuing detailed, compliant employment contracts.

More Than a Legal Requirement

In the United Kingdom, providing employees with a written statement of terms is a statutory requirement under the Employment Rights Act 1996. However, a formal contract of employment does far more than simply satisfy legal obligations. A carefully constructed agreement can safeguard a company’s interests in several key areas—from protecting confidential information and intellectual property to defining working hours, salary entitlements, and procedures for grievances or dismissal.

An employment contract acts as a reference point throughout the employee’s time with the company. It helps prevent misunderstandings over issues such as sick pay, parental leave, and notice periods. For employers, it also ensures that expectations around performance, conduct, and workplace policies are clearly documented. When such matters are left vague or omitted entirely, disputes become more likely and are harder to resolve.

Recent research from the CIPD (Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development) highlights the risks of inadequate communication around employment terms. Many cases of employee dissatisfaction and high turnover can be traced back to unclear or poorly explained contractual terms. This underlines the importance not only of drafting strong contracts but also of ensuring employees fully understand them from the outset.

Clauses You Shouldn’t Overlook

An effective employment contract should always include core terms such as:

  • Job title and duties
  • Place of work (including provisions for hybrid or remote work)
  • Salary and payment intervals
  • Working hours, including overtime expectations
  • Holiday entitlement and public holidays
  • Sickness absence and sick pay
  • Notice periods for termination
  • Confidentiality and data protection
  • Disciplinary and grievance procedures

Failing to include or accurately word these elements can leave your business vulnerable. For instance, without an enforceable confidentiality clause, a departing employee may legally disclose sensitive information to a competitor. Furthermore, poorly written clauses or reliance on outdated templates can lead to inconsistencies, particularly where contract terms conflict with evolving employment legislation.

It is also essential to tailor contracts to reflect different employment types—such as permanent, part-time, zero-hours, or fixed-term roles—each of which carries specific rights and obligations under UK law. Using generic contracts across all employee types may result in non-compliance and potential tribunal claims.

Sourcing Trusted Contract Templates

To simplify the process while ensuring legal accuracy, many employers turn to professional resources. Platforms like Simply Docs offer a wide range of legally reviewed contract of employment templates designed to align with current UK employment law. These resources help business owners stay compliant and confident, without the cost of hiring external legal advisers for every role.

Updating Contracts in Line with Legislation

Employment contracts should not be seen as static documents. Laws change regularly—whether related to statutory pay rates, family leave, health and safety, or emerging workplace norms like hybrid working. For this reason, employers should review contracts annually and revise them in response to significant legal updates or organisational changes.

Keeping contracts up to date not only ensures compliance but also demonstrates that a business is serious about professionalism and employee wellbeing. In a tight labour market, offering clear and current employment terms can enhance your reputation as a trustworthy and desirable employer.

Final Thoughts

Providing a clear, fair, and comprehensive employment contract is one of the most important steps an employer can take. It strengthens the working relationship, reduces the risk of costly legal disputes, and shows that a business values its people. With reliable templates and regular reviews, employers can easily navigate the complexities of employment law and lay a solid foundation for long-term success.

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