Law
Climate Change, Human Rights Law, and Torres Strait Islanders of Australia


In September 2022, the UN Human Rights Committee found that Australia “violated the rights” of Torres Strait Islanders. Because of Australia’s inadequate response to climate change, the UNHRC argued that Torres Strait Islanders’ rights were violated as they were not able to enjoy their culture.
The adverse impacts of climate change made it difficult for them to be free from “arbitrary interferences” in their private lives. Certain Australian nationals had issued a joint complaint claiming that Australia violated their rights. These Australians are indigenous inhabitants of Boigu, Warraber, Poruma and Masig.
These are islands in the Torres Strait region of Australia. These are low-lying islands that are especially vulnerable to devastating impacts of climate change. Global warming and the increase in air and sea temperature cause lot of risks to the environment of the region.
Some of these increased risks include risks to human health such as frequent episodes of heat stress as a result of increased temperatures. Moreover, damage to infrastructure as a result of storms is another common occurrence. They also suffer from financial losses due to damage caused to potential tourism spots.
Additionally, the marine ecosystem is greatly affected due to rise in ocean temperature. Sea-level rise also impacts coastal areas and mangroves thereby threatening the natural ecosystem in the region. This topic is also important within the context of environment law.
The argument remains that Australia failed to address climate change adequately. In 2019, the Islanders lodged a complaint, claiming that Australia’s failure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions resulting in a violation of their human rights. Recently, the UN stated that the claimants should be compensated.
Australia’s Response to Climate Change
Australia has often been criticised for its lax response to address climate change appropriately. Last year, the government’s unambitious commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions was also looked down upon internationally.
However, in 2022, the country introduced a Climate Change Bill. This Bill legislates the nation’s commitment to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 43% below the 2005 levels by the year 2030. It also legislates the nation’s commitment to reach next zero emission levels by 2050.
Human Rights and Law in the Context of Climate Change
Within the context of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, Article 27 and Article 17 become relevant when discussing this matter. This is the first time that the UN has recognised that a nation state has the obligation to reduce emissions to guarantee that its citizens’ human rights are safeguarded.
This is extremely important because it is the first time that UN recognised that it is a nation state’s obligation to reduce emissions which can otherwise lead to human rights violations of the citizens of the state. Moreover, this decision has established important precedents for human rights law on an international level, as well as for climate justice.
Conclusion
The recent decision to hold a sovereign nation such as Australia responsible for the damage caused to its inhabitants as a result of ineffective responses to climate change is truly a turning point.
This means that countries and their respective governments can finally be held accountable for the impacts that are a direct result of their failure to address the climate catastrophe. Most importantly, it also recognises that the people’s right to culture is at risk due to the impacts of climate change.
This right to culture becomes especially important when discussing the rights of Aboriginals and Torres Strait Islanders. They are a community of people whose rights have been suppressed.
In discussing climate change’s impacts on their right to culture, we attempt to have a broader discussion on the topic of ‘reparations’ that need to be made to make the Islanders feel truly protected.
Author info:
John Bui is the Principal Solicitor of JB Solicitors – a law firm based in Sydney, Australia. John has extensive knowledge in the areas of family law and commercial litigation.
Law
How To Find the Right Baltimore Personal Injury Lawyer


Accidents and injuries can happen when you least expect them, no matter how careful you are. From slips and falls to car accidents, these unexpected events can leave a person with severe injuries and astronomical medical bills.
If you have suffered an injury due to someone else’s negligence, navigating the legal process alone may be overwhelming. Having the right personal injury lawyer by your side can provide peace of mind and ensure your rights are protected throughout the legal process.
Finding the right Baltimore personal injury lawyer can be challenging. To help you find the right one, there are several factors to consider to make the right choice.
Look For Experience
Personal injury is a broad field, and when looking for the right lawyer, you want to find someone with extensive experience handling cases like yours. For instance, if you were involved in a car accident, it is essential to look for a lawyer who has previously dealt with car accident cases, even if they fall under the broader category of personal injury law.
A lawyer who is also familiar with the laws in Baltimore and has experience dealing with insurance companies can be a valuable asset.
Ensure Your Baltimore Personal Injury Lawyer Has a Strong Track Record of Success
In addition to experience, you need to find a lawyer with a proven track record of success. A lot of experience does not always equate to success in winning cases. Look for a lawyer who has won significant cases and settlements in cases similar to yours.
A lawyer’s success rate can give you an idea of their ability to win your personal injury case.
Read Reviews From Past Clients
One of the best ways to find the right personal injury lawyer is to read reviews from former clients. Look for online reviews and read what others say about their experience working with your potential Baltimore personal injury lawyer. A lawyer with positive reviews is a good sign that they are experienced and have a strong record of success.
Look For Accreditations
It is also essential to consider whether the lawyer you are considering hiring has any accreditations. Lawyers who have performed excellently in their field often receive awards such as Super Lawyers as a recognition of their expertise. Be sure to check if your lawyer has some awards under their belt.
Schedule An Initial Free Consultation
Once you have narrowed down on a few potential lawyers, the next step is to schedule a consultation with each of them. In addition to providing information about your case, consider the consultation an opportunity to assess and evaluate the suitability of your potential lawyers. During the consultation, you should ask the lawyer a few questions, including:
- How is their experience handling personal injury cases like yours?
- What is their approach for a case like yours?
- What are their payment terms? Do they work on a contingency basis? (Meaning they only get paid if you win your case)
- What are their terms of service?
- Do they have a network of resources and connections, such as doctors who can work on a lien basis? Or forensic experts that they can involve to help you win your case?
- Do they have the time to handle your case effectively?
- How long do they expect your case to take?
- How much compensation can you expect to receive if you win?
Pay Attention To How They Communicate With You
Communication is a critical factor in any legal case. Finding a lawyer who is easy to communicate with and keeps you in the loop throughout the legal process is essential. A good lawyer who responds promptly to emails and phone calls and can explain complex legal terms easily for you to understand is a good one.
Additionally, your Baltimore personal injury lawyer should make you feel comfortable to ask any questions you may have, and they should give clear answers.
Start Your Claim
Finding the right Baltimore personal injury lawyer by your side can make all the difference in your case. By considering factors such as experience, a strong track record of success, reviews from past clients, accreditations, and communication, you can find a lawyer who will fight for your rights and help you get the compensation you deserve. So, take the time to find a lawyer who feels like a good fit.
Law
Here’s Everything You Need to Know About Determining Liability in a Rideshare Accident


Ridesharing apps have made it easy for people to travel, which is why there are several users. However, there are chances that drivers and passengers can get into vehicle accidents, as millions of trips happen every day. According to the Phoenix Street Transportation Department, the city’s road network was nearly 4,800 kilometers in 2009 and is expanding. More lanes result in more traffic, which raises the risk of accidents. In 2021, in Phoenix, there were around 40,833 car accidents reported.
If you have faced any unfortunate incident, rideshare accident attorneys in Phoenix will stand by you and ensure you get financial compensation. In Phoenix, one can get the minimum insurance amount of $50,000 per accident, $25,000 for bodily injury, and $15,000 for property damages.
Insurance companies use several tactics to avoid paying compensation; however, the lawyer ensures these companies do not take advantage of the situation. Below are the complete details that you must know about ridesharing accidents.
Who is Liable?
Drivers for Uber and Lyft are categorized as independent contractors. It means they might work under a contract, and the company might not employ them. So, if they are under contract, it is their responsibility to maintain the vehicles, and this does not come under the employer-worker’s compensation scheme. If proven that it is the driver’s fault, the company will eventually pay the driver’s liability through their insurance policy.
In Arizona, Uber and Lyft have insurance plans covering property damage and bodily injuries. However, drivers must ensure their insurance is up to the mark.
There are always three parties involved in rideshare insurance coverage:
- Rideshare company
- The driver
- The passenger
It depends on the accidents, how they took place, and three scenarios that can occur:
- If the accident occurs when the application is not turned on, it is the responsibility of the driver’s insurance to cover the damages, not the companies.
- If the accident occurs when the driver operates via application, the company’s commercial insurance will be applied.
- If the accident is caused due to the passenger’s negligence, then the passenger’s insurance has to cover the damages.
How is Liability Determined?
If one is involved in a ridesharing accident, the liability is determined by confirming the following:
- If the Uber/Lyft driver is responsible for the collision
- If the driver was using the ridesharing app when they got involved in the accident
- If other parties have contributed or are involved in the accident.
How Can an Uber Accident Lawyer Help?
The Uber accident lawyers and the ridesharing attorney help you understand the best course of action. They will help you get the maximum compensation and determine who is responsible for the accident. Since they know the rules and regulations, they provide the best advice.
In an Uber accident, knowing which insurance to work with can be challenging. You might have to file for several claims, so to avoid errors, the lawyer should manage the filings and negotiations.
Conclusion
Being involved in a vehicular accident can be challenging and complicated; however, when it consists of a ridesharing company, it adds another level of complexity. These enormous companies can use several strategies to reduce the compensation or try to avoid paying it. So, it is advised that if anyone is involved in a ridesharing accident and suffers injuries, they must go to an experienced lawyer that can help in making a solid case.
Law
Shoplifting In Austin: How To Find An Austin Criminal Defense Attorney


Shoplifting is a behavior that can affect almost anyone—kids, superstars, teens, and sleep-deprived new parents alike. It can be easy to forget that you’ve picked something up and then leave the store, only to be asked to follow a security professional to a small room for questioning. Virtually anyone can find themselves facing shoplifting charges for the first time.
If you have recently been accused of shoplifting, it is important not to let the commonplace nature of your situation lull you into a false sense of security. A conviction for shoplifting could affect your reputation, your criminal record, and even your freedom temporarily. This is one situation in which a “do it yourself” approach will not cut it. The time to contact an experienced shoplifting lawyer in Austin is now.
Shoplifting Penalties In Austin, Texas
Whether you were caught shoplifting at The Domain, the 2nd Street District, or your neighborhood convenience store, the potential penalties you’ll face in the event of a conviction are the same. The category of charges by which your alleged wrongdoing will be punishable is determined by the value of the goods that you have been accused of shoplifting.
- Class C Misdemeanor if the value of the shoplifted property is worth $100 or less – Punishable by a fine up to $500.
- Class B Misdemeanor if the value of the shoplifted property is more than $100 but less than $750 – Punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $2,000.
- Class A Misdemeanor if the value of the shoplifted property is $750 or more but less than $2,500 – Punishable by up to 180 days in jail and a fine of up to $4,000.
- State Jail Felony if the value of the shoplifted property is $2,500 or more but less than $30,000 – Punishable by 180 days to two years in state jail and a fine of up to $10,000.
- Third Degree Felony if the value of the shoplifted property is $30,000 or more but less than $150,000 – Punishable by two to ten years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000.
- Second Degree Felony if the value of the shoplifted property is $150,000 or more but less than $300,000 – Punishable by two to 20 years in prison and a fine of up to $10,000.
- First Degree Felony if the value of the shoplifted property is more than $300,000 – Punishable by five to 99 years in prison or life imprisonment and a fine of up to $10,000.
Because the stakes of a shoplifting conviction risk a term of imprisonment for any crime that involves shoplifting more than $100 worth of property, it is imperative to seek the guidance of an experienced Austin criminal defense attorney as soon as possible after being accused of shoplifting.
How To Find An Austin Criminal Defense Attorney
Whether you’re searching for an Austin misdemeanor lawyer, a secondary shoplifting defense lawyer in Austin, or an Austin felony theft defense lawyer, you’ll need to seek out a law firm that is highly reputable, has a track record of success, and has extensive experience with shoplifting cases specifically.
Not all criminal defense lawyers approach their practices in the same way. Don’t work with a criminal defense mill that is more concerned about representing as many clients as their lawyers can handle than securing each client the most favorable outcome possible under their unique circumstances. The outcome of your case could affect everything from your ability to get schooling, a job, or your ability to remain free from jail. Don’t settle for subpar representation. Research your options and meet with any attorney you’re interested in working with to ensure their approach meets your needs.
Your Shoplifting Case: What To Expect
Every shoplifting case is unique. As a result, your lawyer will need to carefully examine the circumstances of your situation to build the most vigorous possible defense on your behalf. Depending on the severity of your charges, this strategy will begin to play out as soon as your arraignment.
Texas law indicates that only someone who has unlawfully appropriated property with intent to deprive the owner of that property can rightfully be convicted of theft. This means that unless a prosecutor can prove – beyond a reasonable doubt – that you intended to steal the property in question, you can’t properly be convicted of shoplifting. Your lawyer will likely engage in significant negotiations with the prosecution to get your case dismissed or to mitigate the consequences that you would face in the event of a conviction when you did not intend to steal the property that you allegedly shoplifted.
If initial negotiations don’t result in the prosecution dropping the charges against you, your lawyer will explore the possibility of filing pretrial motions to suppress any evidence that may have been collected in violation of your Fourth Amendment rights against unreasonable search and seizure. If relevant evidence can be successfully suppressed, the prosecution may have no choice but to drop or minimize the charges, as they may be unable to make their case successfully without that evidence.
Finally, if these efforts haven’t produced their desired results and taking a plea deal isn’t in your best interests, your attorney will vigorously fight for your rights in court.
Contact A Knowledgeable Austin Criminal Defense Attorney For Personalized Guidance
To learn more about shoplifting laws in Austin, Texas, and how these laws will apply to your case uniquely, schedule a confidential, risk-free case evaluation with Cofer & Connelly, PLLC, by calling 512-991-0576 or contacting the firm online. This reputable law firm is well-known for its knowledgeable legal practitioners and their ability to secure favorable client outcomes. They have more than 65 years of combined experience aggressively defending the rights of Texans like you.
Shoplifting may be a commonplace crime, but that doesn’t mean that the effects of a conviction will manifest in your life in simple, uncomplicated ways. Because your reputation, well-being, and even your freedom could be on the line, the time to seek experienced, professional legal guidance is right now.
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